This study aimed to identify and rank the key drivers shaping the future environment of human capital in the Armed Forces. Despite the growing importance of futures studies in defense human capital management, the literature reveals a lack of comprehensive research on identifying and prioritizing the drivers influencing this field. Accordingly, this study addresses this research gap through an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, 11 experts in military human capital participated, while 41 experts holding at least a master's degree and five years of managerial experience were purposively selected for the quantitative phase. Data were collected through a systematic literature review, expert panel discussions, and a structured questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis, and expert sessions continued until theoretical saturation was achieved after four rounds. The questionnaire's face and content validity were confirmed by subject-matter experts, and its reliability was verified using Cronbach's alpha (0.820). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Friedman test. The findings identified and prioritized 13 key drivers. The highest-ranked drivers were the Armed Forces' capability to effectively leverage emerging technologies, preparedness for emerging military threats, development of information and communication technology infrastructure, and senior leadership commitment to transforming the human capital system. The results indicate that the future of military human capital will be primarily shaped by technological, strategic, organizational, and environmental drivers. Prioritizing these drivers provides a foundation for developing forward-looking policies, strategic plans, and human capital management initiatives within the Armed Forces.