Policy making Capacity Determinants in the Public Sector of Iran: A mixed Study

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 assistant professor of management and military faculty- Imam Ali university: Tehran

2 Professor of the supreme National Defense University

3 University faculty member of payame noor university(PNU), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Policy capacity is defined as the ability of the government to develop or create "quality policy options" by combining and exploiting institutional and organizational resources to achieve goals. The goal is to improve policy capacity, help the government to intelligently identify national issues, set up strong agendas, and formulate and implement effective policies. In this research, based on the exploratory mixed method research, firstly, the components and elements of the policy-making capacity within the executive branch of the country were first examined through interviews with government officials of the tenth and eleventh cabinet and then they were asked to express the key determinants of policy capacity. According to the grounded theory, the text of the interviews was reviewed several times and many concepts were identified as determinant of policy capacity. In several reciprocating processes, these concepts were identified in four categories: "institutional factors", "policy capabilities" "policy-making infrastructures" and "participatory environmental interactions". In the second phase, the qualitative exploratory model was tested through a questionnaire in several ministries. The results of confirmatory factor analysis and regression models in the form of structural equation modeling in AMOS graph 18 indicate that the model is fitted with observed data.

Keywords


  • الف. منابع فارسی

    • الوانی، سید مهدی؛  فتاح، شریف زاده (1391)، فر آیندخط­مشی­گذاری عمومی، انتشارات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
    • بیابانگرد، اسماعیل (1382)، روش‌هایتحقیقدرعلومانسانیواجتماعی، تهران:  مؤسسه کتاب مهربان نشر.
    • بنی اسد، رضا (1393)، ظرفیت ‌خط‌مشی­گذاری در مجلس شورای اسلامی، رساله دکتری دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران.
    • حسینی، سید کاظم؛ دانایی فرد، حسن؛ امامی، سید مجتبی (1396)، مفهوم پردازی ظرفیت ‌خط‌مشی عمومی‌انقلاب اسلامی‌ایران در اندیشه مقام معظم رهبری(مدظلهفصلنامهعلمی‌پژوهشیمدیریتاسلامی، سال  52‌، شماره 1، بهار  1391.
    • فقیهی، ابوالحسن؛ علیزاده، محسن (1384)، روایی در تحقیق کیفی، نشریه فرهنگ سازمانی. دوره 3، شماره 2، تابستان 1384.
    • رهنورد، فرج الله (1392)، ظرفیت اجرای ‌خط‌مشی، جزوه کلاسی، تهران: موسسه عالی آموزش و پژوهش مدیریت و برنامه­ریزی
    • دانایی فرد، حسن (1392)، ظرفیت ‌خط‌مشی­گذاری عمومی، کلید توسعه یافتگی ملی. انتشارات صفار.
    • دانایی فرد، حسن؛ کردنائیچ، اسد الله؛ لاجوردی، سمانه (1390)، ارتقای ظرفیت خط‎مشی‎گذاری کشور: گونه‎شناسی نقش کانون‎های تفکر، نشریه علمی-پژوهشی مدیریت دولتی، دوره 3، شماره 6. صص 55-76.
    • محمدی فاتح، اصغر(1394)، طراحی مدلی برای ارتقای ظرفیت ‌خط‌مشی گذاری در ایران، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
    • مجیدپور، مهدی، نامداریان، لیلا (1394)، شناسایی موانع اجرای اسناد سیاست علم وفناوری کشور، نشریه علمی-پژوهشی مدیریت نوآوری، سال چهارم، شماره 4، زمستان 1394.
    • مومنی، فرشاد و احسانی، وحید (1396)، سیاستگذاری عمومی‌مناسب برای یک اقتصاد دانش بنیان، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی،  دوره 7، شماره 23، تابستان 96.
    • یزدانی، حمید رضا (1392)، تدوین مدلی برای اندازه گیری زنجیره ارزش منابع انسانی در گروه صنعتی سایپا: کاربردی از پژوهش آمیخته، رساله دکتری مدیریت، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران.

     

    ب. منابع لاتین

    • Aucoin P, Bakvis H: Public service reform and policy capacity: Recruiting and retaining the best and the brightest? In Challenges to State Policy Capacity: Global Trends and Comparative Perspectives. Edited by Painter M, Pierre J. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2005:164-184.
    • Antonio Alonso,J. and Garcimartín, C.(2010). The Determinants of Institutional Quality.More on the Debate. WP03/09
    • Atkinson, M. M. and W. D. Coleman.) 1992(. Policy Networks, Policy Communities and the Problems of Governance, Governance 5: 154-80.
    • Bajpai,. K, and  hong, B.(2019). India's Foreign Policy Capacity. Journal of Policy design and practice. Vol 3.pp 34-39.
    • Baskoy T ; Evans B and Shields J(2011). Assessing policy capacity in Canada’s public services: Perspectives of deputy and assistant deputy ministers, CANADIAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, VOLUME 54, NO. 2
    • Bakvis, H.(2000). Rebuilding policy capacity in the era of the fiscal dividend: AreportfromCanada. Governance, 13(1), 71–103.
    • Cashman, J., Linehan, P., & Rosser, M. (2007). Communities of practice: A new approach to solving complex educational problems. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Special Education
    • Chanturidze, T., Adams, O, Tokezhanov, B., Naylor, M., and Richardson, E.(2015). Building policy-making capacity in the Ministry of Health: the Kazakhstan experience. Human Resources for Health. 13 (4).
    • Colebatch, H. K. (2007). Government and governmentality: Using multiple approaches to the analysis of government. Australian Journal of Political Science, 37(3), 417–435.
    • Considine, M., & Lewis, J. (2012). Networks and interactivity: Ten years of street-level governance in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Australia. Public Management Review, 14(1), 1–22.
    • Criado,.(2013).Electronic Government and Public PolicyCurrent Status and Future Trendsin Latin America. SPECIAL ISSUE 2013 ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT
    • Cummings, S. and Nørgaard, O.(2004). Conceptualising State Capacity: Comparing Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Political Studies. Volume 52, Issue 4, pages 685–708, December 2004
    • Cunniff   Linehan ,P.(2010). Communities of Practice as a Technical Assistance Strategy: A Single-Case Study of State Systems Change. PHD Dissertation. George Washington University.
    • Davies, P. (2004). Is Evidence-Based Policy Possible? The Jerry Lee Lecture, Campbell Collaboration Colloquium, Washington, D.C., February 18-20.
    • Dunlop, C. A.(2015). Organizational political capacity as learning. Policy and Society, 34:3-4, 259-270, DOI: 10.1016/
    • Dunlop, C. A., & Radaelli, C. M. (2013). Systematizing policy learning: From monolith to dimensions. Political Studies, 31(3), 599–619.
    • Dunlop, C. A. (2014). The possible experts: How epistemic communities negotiate barriers to knowledge use in ecosystems services policy. Environment and Planning C – Government and Policy, 32(2), 208–228.
    • Evans, B., Marko J., Sundback, S., and Theobald, K. (2005), Governing sustainable cities, Earthscan, London.
    • Ellonen R, Blomqvist K, et al (2008).The role of trust in organizational innovativeness. European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 11 No. 2, 2008, pp. 160-181.
    • Farazmand, A. (1999). Globalization of Public Administration. Public Administration Review. 59. 509. 10.2307/3110299.
    • Goetz, K. H., & Wollmann, H. (2001). Governmentalizing central executives in post-communist Europe: A four-country comparison. Journal of European Public Policy, 8(6), 864–887.
    • Hallsworth,M.  and Rutter, J.(2011). MAKING POLICY BETTER, Improving Whitehall’s core business. Institute for government.
    • Hansen, C.J. (2011). The role of policy-making and planning culture for sustainable transport?, European Transport Trasporti Europei, 47, pp. 89-108.
    • Honadle, B. W. (2011). A Capacity-Building Framework: A Search for Concept and Purpose. Public Administration Review, 575-580
    • Howlett, M. 2009, ‘Policy Analytical Capacity and evidence-based Policy-making: lessons from Canada.’ Canadian Public Administration 52(2) June:153–175.
    • Howlett,M.,&Lindquist,E.(2004). Policy analysis and governance:Analytical and policy styles in Canada. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice,6(3), 225–249.
    • Howlett, M., M. Ramesh and A. Perl (2009). Studying Public Policy. Canada, Oxford University Press.
    • Hughes, A., Gleeson, D., Legge, D . & Lin,. V .(2015) Governance and policy capacity in health development and implementation in Australia, Policy and Society, 34:3-4,229-245, DOI: 10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.11.001
    • Jobert, B. (1985). L’État en action : L’apport des politiques publiques, Revue française de science politique 35: 654-82.
    • Onswuegbuzie, A. J., & Johnson, R. B. (2004, April). Validity issues in mixed methods research.
    • McGann, Frri, J, Boucher, S (2007). Thinks Tanks in Europe and us: converging or Direging?, Paris, December, Notre Europe, Etudes & Recherché , available at: www.notre-europe,asso.fr.
    • Mayer, S.(2002). Organizational Capacity Building: Areas for Evaluation, Minneapolis, MN 55407 USA. Available at .effectivecommunities.com
    • Mcknight, D & Choudhury, Vivek & Kacmar, Charles (2002). Developing and Validating Trust Measures for e-Commerce: An Integrative Typology. Information Systems American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.
    • Morrissey, O. and A. Verschoor.( 2006). What Does Ownership Mean in Practice? Policy Learning and the Evolution of Pro-Poor Policies in Uganda. In A. Paloni and M. Zanardi, eds. The IMF, World Bank and Policy Reform. London: Routledge, 276-291
    • OECD.(2003). Institution Capacity and Climate Action. Copyright OECD,
    • Oliphant, Samuel, and Michael Howlett. Assessing Policy Analytical Capacity: Comparative Insights from a Study of the Canadian Environmental Policy Advice System. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice 12, no. 4 (2010): 439.
    • Painter M, Pierre J(2005). Unpacking policy capacity: Issues and themes. In Challenges to State Policy Capacity. Edited by Painter M, Pierre J. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave MacMillan:1-8
    • Parsons, W. (2004). Not just steering but weaving: Relevant knowledge and the craft of building policy capacity and coherence. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 63(1), 43–57.
    • Peters b, guy(1996). The Policy Capacity of Government, Canadian Centre for Management Development, Research Paper no. 18, 1996
    • Pluye P, Potvin L, Denis JL, Pelletier J. 2004. Program sustainability: focus on organizational routines. Health Promot Int 19(4): 489–500
    • Polidano, CH(2000). Measuring Public Sector Capacity, Institute for Development Policy and Management ,University of Manchester 
    • Scott, Claudia and Baehler, Karen (2010). Adding Value to Policy Analysis and Advice, Sydney, Australia: NSW Press.
    • SCHOLZ, JOHN T., and CHENG-LUNG WANG.( 2006). Cooptation or Transformation? Local Policy Networks and Federal Regulatory Enforcement. American Journal of Political Science 50 (1): 81-97.OECD ENVIRONMENT DIRECTORATE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
    • Scharpf, F. W. (1989). The Joint Decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration, Public Administration 66: 239-78.
    • Singleton,. J.(2001). A review of the policy development capacity within government departments. Office of the Provincial Auditor
    • Stacey, Ralph D. (1992). Managing the Unknowable: Strategic Boundaries between Order and Chaos in Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
    • Stein, E. and Tommasi, M.(2006).The Institution Determinats of State Capabilities. To be delivered at World Bank ABCDE, St Petersburg, January 19, 2006
    • Swanson, D. L. (1988). Feeling the elephant: Some observations on agenda-setting research. In J. Anderson (Ed.), Communication yearbook 11(pp. 603-619). Newbury Park, CA.: Sage.
    • Weiss, L. (1998). The myth of the powerless state. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
    • Wellstead, A., R. Stedman, and M. Howlett. 2011. Multi-Level Policy Analytical Capacity in Canada: A Structural Equation Model (SEM) Study of Federal, Provincial and Territorial Policy Analysts and Analysis. Public Policy and Administration 26 (3): 353-373
    • Williamson,.A.(2019). Increasing the capacity of policy agencies to use research findings: a stepped-wedge trial. Journal of health policy and system. Vol 17.Published online 2019 Feb 6. doi: 10.1186/s12961-018-0408-8
    • Wu, X., Ramesh, M., & Howlett, M. (2015). Policy capacity: A conceptual framework for understanding policy competences and capabilities. Policy and Society, 34, 165–171.